3D file formats: when to use GLB, OBJ, STL or PLY
When you create a 3D model from a photo you will meet several file types. Each one stores different information and suits a different purpose. This guide helps you choose quickly.
| Format | Color / texture | Files | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
| GLB | Yes | 1 file | Web, AR, Blender, game engines |
| OBJ | Yes (via MTL and images) | Several files (zipped) | Exchanging between 3D programs |
| STL | No | 1 file | 3D printing |
| PLY | Can store per-vertex attributes | 1 file | Mesh processing, scan data |
GLB (glTF Binary)
GLB packs the 3D mesh, materials and texture images into a single file, which makes it easy to share. It is a popular format for showing 3D on the web and is supported by many programs.
- Blender opens it directly with File, Import, glTF 2.0.
- Unity needs the glTFast package to import GLB.
- Works with web 3D viewers such as model-viewer and three.js.
OBJ (with MTL and textures)
OBJ is an old, text-based format that stores the shape and UV coordinates. Colors live in the accompanying MTL file and the texture is a separate image, so the download is a zip containing model.obj, model.mtl and the texture image. Keep them in the same folder when importing.
- Accepted by almost every 3D program, so it is a good choice when you need to open it in many places.
- Does not store animation or a skeleton.
STL
STL only contains the triangles that make up the shape, with no color or texture. It is the familiar format for slicing software used in 3D printing.
- AI-generated models can have holes or may not be watertight. Check and repair the mesh before printing.
- For multi-color printing STL is not suitable, use a format that carries color.
PLY
PLY stores a list of vertices and faces together with attributes such as normals and UVs. It is often used for mesh processing and 3D scan data.
What about FBX?
FBX is an Autodesk format popular in games and animation. Pic2Mesh does not export FBX directly yet. You can import the GLB or OBJ into Blender and export to FBX if your software needs it.
Which format should you choose?
- Just viewing or sharing: GLB.
- Working in Blender, Unity or Unreal: GLB, or OBJ if your software cannot read GLB.
- 3D printing: STL.
- Need the texture image separately for editing: download the PNG/JPG texture or use the OBJ package.
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